Title | A Preliminary Formula to Predict Timing of Symptom Resolution for Collegiate Athletes Diagnosed With Sport Concussion. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2015 |
Authors | Resch, JE, Brown, CN, Macciocchi, SN, C Cullum, M, Blueitt, D, Ferrara, MS |
Journal | J Athl Train |
Volume | 50 |
Issue | 12 |
Pagination | 1292-8 |
Date Published | 12/2015 |
ISSN | 1938-162X |
Keywords | Adolescent, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, Brain Concussion, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Return to Sport, Self Report, Severity of Illness Index, Universities, Young Adult |
Abstract | CONTEXT: Symptom presentation and recovery after sport concussion (SC) are variable. Empirically based models documenting typical symptom duration would assist health care providers in managing return to play after SC. OBJECTIVE: To develop a prediction model for SC symptom duration. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university laboratories. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-six (51 male and 25 female) concussed athletes with an average age of 19.5 ± 1.65 years who were evaluated within 24 hours of diagnosis. INTERVENTION(S): Participants completed the Revised Head Injury Scale (HIS-r), Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), and Sensory Organization Test within 24 hours of SC diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A stepwise multivariate regression incorporating ImPACT and Sensory Organization Test composites and HIS-r symptom severity-duration was used to predict the number of days athletes reported symptoms after SC. The resulting regression formula was cross-validated using the Stine cross-validation coefficient. RESULTS: The final formula consisted of the HIS-r's self-reported neck pain, drowsiness, tingling, and nervousness duration and ImPACT total symptom severity (R = 0.62, R(2) = 39%, R(2)(adj) = 34.2%, P < .001). Approximately 29% (R(2)(cv) = 29%) of the variance associated with total days symptomatic after SC was explained by our preliminary formula when cross-validated. The current formula correctly identified 76% of participants who recovered within 10 days of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that self-reported duration of 4 symptoms during the initial 24 hours after injury along with total symptom severity as measured by ImPACT accounted for a considerable amount of variance associated with days symptomatic after SC in collegiate athletes. Until the formula is cross-validated in a college-aged sample, caution is warranted in using it clinically. |
DOI | 10.4085/1062-6050-50.12.03 |
Alternate Journal | J Athl Train |
PubMed ID | 26565424 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4741255 |