Nutrition

The ability of bovine κ-casein-derived caseinomacropeptide (CMP) to exert bioactivity in the human gut depends on its digestive survival. Sampling from the human jejunum after feeding CMP and top-down glycopeptidomics analysis facilitates the determination of CMP survival. To reduce interference from non-target molecules in mass spectrometric analysis, CMP must be isolated from digestive fluid. To identify an optimal extraction method, this study compared the profiles of CMP extracted from feeding material (commercial CMP in water) and digestive fluid by ethanol precipitation, perchloric acid (PCA) precipitation, and ultrafiltration. Ethanol precipitation yielded the highest ion abundances for aglycosylated CMP and glycosylated CMP in both feeding material and jejunal samples. Notably, PCA precipitation yielded the highest abundance of partially digested CMP-derived fragments in jejunal samples. Overall, ethanol precipitation was the most effective among the methods tested for intact CMP extraction from jejunal fluids, whereas PCA precipitation was optimal for extraction of CMP fragments.